[[[LIVE-]**]] Sweden vs Iceland live free 12 January 2023

[291] Iceland has also produced many chess masters and hosted the historic World Chess Championship 1972 in Reykjavík during the height of the Cold War. As of 2008, there have been nine Icelandic chess grandmasters, a considerable number given the small size of the population. [292] Bridge is also popular, with Iceland participating in several international tournaments. Iceland won the world bridge championship (the Bermuda Bowl) in Yokohama, Japan, in 1991 and took second place (with Sweden) in Hamilton, Bermuda, in 1950.

[224] A considerable portion of the government budget is assigned to health care, [224] and Iceland ranks 11th in health care expenditures as a percentage of GDP[225] and 14th in spending per capita. [226] Overall, the country's health care system is one of the best performing in the world, ranked 15th by the World Health Organization. [227] According to an OECD report, Iceland devotes far more resources to healthcare than most industrialised nations. As of 2009, Iceland had 3. 7 doctors per 1, 000 people (compared with an average of 3. 1 in OECD countries) and 15. 3 nurses per 1, 000 people (compared with an OECD average of 8. 4).

Throughout the 19th century, the country's climate continued to grow colder, resulting in mass emigration to the New World, particularly to the region of Gimli, Manitoba in Canada, which was sometimes referred to as New Iceland. About 15, 000 people emigrated, out of a total population of 70, 000. [43] A national consciousness arose in the first half of the 19th century, inspired by romantic and nationalist ideas from mainland Europe. An Icelandic independence movement took shape in the 1850s under the leadership of Jón Sigurðsson, based on the burgeoning Icelandic nationalism inspired by the Fjölnismenn and other Danish-educated Icelandic intellectuals. In 1874, Denmark granted Iceland a constitution and limited home rule.

Iceland is also one of the leading countries in ocean rowing. Icelandic explorer and endurance athlete Fiann Paulholds the highest number of performance-based Guinness World Records within a single athletic discipline. As of 2020, he is the first and only person to achieve the Ocean Explorers Grand Slam (performing open-water crossings on each of the five oceans using human-powered vessels) and has claimed overall speed Guinness World Records for the fastest rowing of all four oceans (Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, and the Arctic) in a human-powered row boat. He had achieved a total of 41, including 33 performance based Guinness World Records by 2020. [286][287][288][289][290] Swimming is popular in Iceland.

In recent times, Iceland has produced many great writers, the best-known of whom is arguably Halldór Laxness, who received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1955 (the only Icelander to win a Nobel Prize thus far). Steinn Steinarr was an influential modernist poet during the early 20th century who remains popular. Icelanders are avid consumers of literature, with the highest number of bookstores per capita in the world. For its size, Iceland imports and translates more international literature than any other nation. [246] Iceland also has the highest per capita publication of books and magazines, [251] and around 10% of the population will publish a book in their lifetimes. [252] Most books in Iceland are sold between late September to early November.

[293] See also Index of Iceland-related articles Outline of Iceland Greenland Viking Notes References ^ a b "Population by country of citizenship, sex and age (2021)". Statistics Iceland. Retrieved 11 September 2022. ^ Constitution of the Republic of Iceland: Article 62, Government of Iceland. ^ "Populations by religious and life stance organizations 1998-2022". ^ "Ísland er minna en talið var" (in Icelandic). RÚV. 26 February 2015. Archived from the original on 15 March 2015.

They also pay a church tax (sóknargjald), which the government directs to help support their registered religion, or, in the case of no religion, the University of Iceland. [235] The Registers Iceland keeps account of the religious affiliation of every Icelandic citizen. In 2017, Icelanders were divided into religious groups as follows: 67. 22% members of the Church of Iceland; 11. 56% members of other Christian denomination; 11. 29% other religions and not specified; 6. 69% unaffiliated; 1. 19% members of Germanic Heathen groups (99% of them belonging to Ásatrúarfélagið); 0. 67% members of the Icelandic Ethical Humanist Association; 0.

Iceland, however, has a variety of volcanic types (composite and fissure), many producing more evolved lavas such as rhyolite and andesite. Iceland has hundreds of volcanoes with about 30 active volcanic systems. [77] Surtsey, one of the youngest islands in the world, is part of Iceland. Named after Surtr, it rose above the ocean in a series of volcanic eruptions between 8 November 1963 and 5 June 1968. [69] Only scientists researching the growth of new life are allowed to visit the island. [78] On 21 March 2010, a volcano in Eyjafjallajökull in the south of Iceland erupted for the first time since 1821, forcing 600 people to flee their homes. [79] Additional eruptions on 14 April forced hundreds of people to abandon their homes.

Geothermally heated outdoor pools are widespread, and swimming courses are a mandatory part of the national curriculum. [285] Horseback riding, which was historically the most prevalent form of transportation on the island, remains a common pursuit for many Icelanders. The oldest sports association in Iceland is the Reykjavík Shooting Association, founded in 1867. Rifle shooting became very popular in the 19th century with the encouragement of politicians and nationalists who were pushing for Icelandic independence. To this day, it remains a significant pastime.

Iceland has excellent conditions for skiing, fishing, snowboarding, ice climbing and rock climbing, although mountain climbing and hiking are preferred by the general public. Iceland is also a world-class destination for alpine ski touring and Telemark skiing, with the Troll Peninsula in Northern Iceland being the main centre of activity. Although the country's environment is generally ill-suited for golf, there are nevertheless many golf courses throughout the island, and Iceland has a greater percentage of the population playing golf than Scotland with over 17, 000 registered golfers out of a population of approximately 300, 000. [283] Iceland hosts an annual international golf tournament known as the Arctic Open played through the night during the summer solstice at Akureyri Golf Club. [284][285] Iceland has also won the second most World's Strongest Man competitions of any country with nine titles, including four by both Magnús Ver Magnússon and Jón Páll Sigmarsson and most recently Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson in 2018.

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